Total shoulder replacement is a recognized medical procedure used to treat arthritis that affects the ball and socket joint of the shoulder. This involves the removal of the arthritic surfaces of the joint, followed by the release of any contracted soft tissue. The next step involves resurfacing the joint with a metal ball and a specially engineered plastic socket. The primary objective of this procedure is to relieve pain caused by arthritis and to enhance the range of motion and function of the shoulder joint.
Shoulder arthritis refers to a condition characterized by damage to the cartilage in the shoulder joint, leading to inflammation and pain. Although the term arthritis specifically denotes joint inflammation, it is commonly used to describe any condition that causes cartilage damage. The cartilage in the shoulder joint acts as a cushion that absorbs stress and allows for smooth movement. The extent of cartilage damage and synovial inflammation varies depending on the type and stage of arthritis. Initial pain is often due to inflammation, while in the later stages, when the cartilage is significantly worn away, most of the pain arises from the mechanical friction caused by bones rubbing against each other. Inflammation is a natural response of the body to injury, and it presents as redness, swelling, heat, and pain.
Total shoulder replacement may be recommended by a doctor as a treatment option for various shoulder conditions, including:
It is essential to discuss the pros and cons of total shoulder replacement with orthopaedic doctor to determine if it is the best treatment option for the specific case.
During a total shoulder replacement procedure, an incision is made on the front of the shoulder. The muscles are then spread apart to access the shoulder joint. In most cases, only one rotator cuff tendon (subscapularis) needs to be detached to gain access to the joint, and it is reattached at the end of the surgery.
The arthritic surfaces of the joint are removed, and any bone spurs are taken out. A new metal ball is then inserted and anchored to the bone using a stem that sits inside the bone canal. A plastic socket is also securely cemented into place. After the procedure, an x-ray may be taken to ensure proper placement of the new joint. It is important to follow the post-operative restrictions and recommendations for rehabilitation to achieve the best outcomes.
