Hip instability is a condition that occurs when the structures that support the hip joint, such as ligaments, cartilage, and muscles, become damaged or injured. As a result, the hip joint can become unstable, causing various symptoms such as pain, a sensation of the hip "giving way," and difficulty with weight-bearing activities such as walking or running.
Hip instability can arise from either traumatic or atraumatic causes. Traumatic hip instability is commonly a result of injuries sustained during sports or motor vehicle accidents, leading to damage to the hip joint's bony structures, cartilage, and labrum, which can subsequently lead to the formation of loose bodies. Depending on the severity of the injury, traumatic hip instability can range from a partial displacement (subluxation) to a complete dislocation of the joint. In contrast, atraumatic hip instability can be caused by overuse or developmental and congenital abnormalities of the hip joint.
Hip instability is typically diagnosed by doctor through a combination of a medical history review and a physical examination. Additionally, imaging studies such as plain X-rays, MRI, or MRI arthrography (using a contrast agent) may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis of instability. Your doctor may also conduct hip instability tests such as the posterior impingement or dial test, which involve range of motion exercises to assess the condition.
